Decarbonizing Hong Kong & GBA Ferry Transport
DOC ID: AM-EF150-FS-2026

BAYWING EF-150 EXPRESS Active Fly-by-Wire Electric Hydrofoil Platform

Aero-Marine Systems is building the software-defined future of GBA maritime transit. By integrating aerospace-grade flight control algorithms with Pearl River Delta carbon-composite supply chains, the EF-150 architecture completely decouples the hull from hydrodynamic drag—slashing energy requirements by 80% and making high-speed electric commuter routes commercially viable.

Flagship Operational Envelope 150 PASSENGER CLASS
Target Cruise Speed
38.0 KNOTS
(70.3 km/h Foil-borne)
Effective Operational Range
38.0 NM
(w/ 20% Reserve | 45 NM Max)
Est. Battery Capacity
1.2 MWh
800V Marine LFP Architecture
Turnaround Target
20 MINS
3.5 MW MCS + BESS Buffer
Phase 0: Software-in-the-Loop (SIL) Validation (Months 1–9 | TRL 3 → 4)

Digital Twin & Algorithmic De-Risking

Before committing significant capital to physical vessel fabrication, we prioritize a Software-First Development Strategy. By establishing a high-fidelity 6-DOF Digital Twin and HIL benchtop within HKSTP, we mathematically validate the core flight control algorithms first—eliminating physical crash and asset-loss risks during early-stage control loop tuning.

1. Model-in-the-Loop (MIL)

6-DOF hydrodynamic physics engine in Gazebo/MATLAB simulating hull wave-making resistance, T-foil lift/drag, cavitation limits, and surface-proximity decay.

2. Software-in-the-Loop (SIL)

Real-time C++/RTOS flight control algorithms tested against virtual Victoria Harbour & GBA wave states (JONSWAP models) to prove 100 Hz control stability.

3. Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL)

Flashing validated software onto target Jetson/STM32 compute nodes connected to benchtop waterproof flap actuators ensuring sub-8ms deterministic latency.

Phase 1: Sub-Scale Technology Validation (Months 6–14 | TRL 5 → 6)

BAYWING-D1 (1:8 Scale Autonomous Testbed)

Following mathematical proof in Phase 0, we move to physical validation. High-speed hydrofoiling is fundamentally an aerospace control problem. Because dynamic instability scales inversely with physical size, a sub-scale 3.56-meter vessel experiences higher natural oscillation frequencies than the full commercial crafts. Stabilizing the D1 in real-world harbor sea-states completely de-risks the physical flight control stack.

INTERACTIVE SCHEMATIC: D1 DRONE
0102030405 ABCD TOP-DOWN VIEW (PLAN) LOA 3.56m | BOA 1.22m UNCREWED AVIONICS BAY FORWARD LiDAR LOA: 3.56 METERS PORT SIDE ELEVATION DYNAMIC RUNNING MODES 1.0 kW POD WATERLINE (FOILING) 100Hz FLAP ACTUATOR BOTTOM-UP UNDERCARRIAGE SUBMERGED FOIL GEOMETRY & POD LAYOUT SUBMERGED FLAPS SPAN: 1.22m CFD HYDRODYNAMIC FLOW ANALYSIS L/D EFFICIENCY & WAVE PATTERN AERO-MARINE SYSTEMS // HONG KONG PROJECT: BAYWING-D1 (1:8 DEMONSTRATOR) SCALE: 1:8 FROUDE DYNAMIC MODEL DOC ID: AM-EF150-FS-2026 DISPLACEMENT: 109 KG SPEED: 13.4 KNOTS (Fn 1.17) STATUS: HKSTP FEASIBILITY PASS
Forward LiDAR Provides wave feedforward compensation for the 100Hz flight controller, anticipating surface chop before the struts impact.
Uncrewed Avionics Bay Houses the Dual STM32H7 / Jetson Orin Nano flight computers, SBG INS, and the 1.0 kWh 48V LFP power bank.
Subsea Rotary Servos IP68-rated waterproof actuators. Adjusts submerged trailing-edge flaps 100 times per second to actively neutralize pitch and roll.
2x 1.0 kW Pod Drives Froude-scaled thrust accurately simulating the 1,300 kW full-scale propulsion system at 13.4 knots.
HOVER OVER HIGHLIGHTED COMPONENTS FOR TECHNICAL DATA
Avionics & Sensor Fusion 100 Hz Loop

Autonomous Flight Controller

Dual deterministic microcontrollers running real-time RTOS. Ingests dual IMUs, high-speed ultrasonic ride-height sensors, and a forward-scanning micro-LiDAR for wave feedforward compensation.

  • Compute: STM32H7 + Jetson Orin Nano
  • Latency: < 8ms Actuator Response
  • Telemetry: 4G/5G + LoRa Long Range
Hydrodynamics & Scaling Froude Scaled

True Dynamic Similarity

Scaled strictly according to Froude number criteria (Fn = 1.17). Operating at 13.4 knots simulates the wave-making, cavitation boundaries, and flap dynamics of the full-scale vessel at 38 knots.

  • Scale Factor: 1:8 Linear (λ = 8)
  • Model Speed: 13.4 Knots (24.8 km/h)
  • Model Mass: ~109 kg (Displacement)
Zero-Grid R&D Deployment Low OPEX Testing

Tolo Harbour Test Protocol

Tested directly offshore at Hong Kong Science Park (Pak Shek Kok waterfront / Tolo Harbour). Swappable 48V LFP batteries eliminate shore charging needs during R&D, slashing sea-trial costs.

  • Test Location: HKSTP Tolo Harbour Slipway
  • Battery: 1.0 kWh Swappable 48V LFP
  • Runtime / Pack: ~45 Mins Foil-borne
Phase 2: Commercial Transition & Revenue (Months 12–24 | TRL 7 → 8)

BAYWING-D2 (25-Pax Commercial Pilot)

Jumping directly from a 3.5-meter drone to a 28.5-meter 150-pax ferry is un-fundable by early-stage VCs. The BAYWING-D2 is our commercial bridge: a 15m, 25-passenger vessel designed to validate human-rated intra-city Hong Kong transit, secure HKMD marine certifications, and generate recurring revenue. Critically, our Sheung Wan Landing No. 1 shore-power node (in active technical review with HK Electric's Distribution Planning Department for a 250–900 kW LV supply + BESS buffer) serves as the dual-purpose validation hub for both the D2's 500 kW fast charger and the EF-150's first BESS buffer module.

INTERACTIVE SCHEMATIC: D2 PILOT VESSEL & MULTI-PIER GRID ROLLOUT
TOP-DOWN PLAN: 25-PASSENGER VIP CABIN LOA 15.0m (49.2 FT) | BOA 4.5m CREW PORT SIDE ELEVATION WATER TAXI / ISLAND COMMUTER CONFIGURATION 2x 150 kW PODS WATERLINE (32 KNOTS) PHASED SHORE-POWER & ROUTE ROLLOUT SHEUNG WAN BESS HUB → CENTRAL PIERS 7–10 & WAN CHAI → GBA CORRIDOR DISCOVERY BAY / ISLANDS SHEUNG WAN NO. 1 & CENTRAL PIERS HKE 300–900 kW LV + BESS BUFFER (500 kW DC) WAN CHAI / TOLO HARBOUR DUAL-PURPOSE SHORE-POWER STRATEGY (HKE SITE WALKOVER CONFIRMED): Sheung Wan Landing No. 1 (steps from Shun Tak/Central) validates our 300–900 kW LV connection + BESS buffer for BOTH the D2 500 kW intra-harbour pilot (Central Pier 7 / Wan Chai) and the EF-150 Macau MCS corridor. AERO-MARINE SYSTEMS // D2 COMMERCIAL PROJECT: BAYWING-D2 (PILOT VESSEL) CAPACITY: 25 PAX + 2 CREW BUILD TIME: 14 MONTHS DISPLACEMENT: ~12.0 TONNES SPEED: 32.0 KNOTS BUDGET: HK$ 20.0M (VC + ITF ESS MATCH)
25-Passenger VIP Cabin Sufficient capacity to generate initial commercial revenue on premium intra-city routes, proving the financial model to Series A investors.
2x 150 kW Pod Drives Provides 32 knots cruise speed. Draws power from a 400 kWh LFP battery pack offering ~40 NM range.
Sheung Wan & Central 500 kW Node Bridges Sheung Wan Landing No. 1 (public landing adjacent to Shun Tak) with Central Piers 7–10 & Wan Chai. A 300–900 kW HKE LV connection validates both the D2 500 kW charger and the first EF-150 BESS buffer module.

Manufacturing Specs

  • Build Time: 14 Months
  • Facility Required: PRD Composite Shipyard Partner
  • Labor Required: ~12 Person Assembly Team
  • Core Materials: Infused Carbon-Fiber & Marine Alum
  • Shipyard Build: HK$ 18.5M (~US$ 2.37M)
  • Testing & HKMD Certs: HK$ 1.5M (~US$ 192k)
  • Total D2 Capital: HK$ 20.0M (~US$ 2.56M)

Bridging Sheung Wan to Intra-Harbour Piers

While the D1 de-risks our flight-control IP at near-zero OPEX in Tolo Harbour, the D2 targets short-haul intra-harbour & island routes (Central Piers 7–10, Wan Chai, Discovery Bay). By establishing our first 300–900 kW LV shore-power & BESS demarcation node at Sheung Wan Landing No. 1 (a public landing steps from the Central and Macau terminals), we validate both the D2's 500 kW fast-charging operations and the first modular BESS unit for the EF-150 Macau corridor.

The VC "Gap" Funding Hook

The D2 bridges the "Valley of Death." This staged capital architecture minimizes founder and early angel dilution by leveraging non-dilutive statutory capital across both prototyping and pilot phases. Pitching VCs to fund a HK$ 10M (~US$ 1.28M) Seed/Pre-A round directly triggers the government's ITF Enterprise Support Scheme (ESS) 1:1 matching grant, immediately doubling the capital to HK$ 20M (~US$ 2.56M) to fully fund the D2 construction, testing, and launch.

3. Deep Tech Moat & Economics

Defensible OPEX Advantages

Legacy fast ferries rely on multi-megawatt diesel gas turbines pushing heavy displacement hulls. High marine fuel costs and escalating engine overhaul expenses compress operating margins. Our Fly-by-Wire control system enables a thermodynamic shift.

01. Platform Dynamics
80%

Drag Reduction

Fully submerged T-foils lift the hull completely above the waves at 18+ knots, decoupling the vessel from hydrodynamic displacement drag.

Cruise Power: ~1,050 kW
02. Core IP Moat
100Hz

Active FCS Loop

Triple-redundant Fly-by-Wire software reads IMUs and LiDAR, adjusting submerged flaps 100x/sec to neutralize Victoria Harbour wake pitch and roll.

Wake Wash: <0.15m
03. Infrastructure
4.0MWh

Shore BESS Buffer

Floating/dockside BESS trickle-charges continuously off existing 300–900 kW LV municipal transformers, delivering 3.5 MW DC bursts without HV grid bottlenecks.

Charge Rate: 500 kW → 3.5 MW DC
04. Route Yield
78%

OPEX Savings

Direct electric pod drives yield ~$4.90 USD/NM energy costs, compared to ~$22.50 USD/NM for legacy marine gas oil turbines.

Energy OPEX: ~$4.90 USD / NM
4. Strategic Route Analytics

GBA Route Feasibility Calculator

Simulate the financial viability of replacing legacy diesel vessels with the EF-150 platform. Data is calibrated for HKMD COLREGs speed restrictions (12-knot displacement mode within Victoria Harbour limits before 38-knot foiling in open waters).

INTERACTIVE FINANCIAL SIMULATOR

Fleet OPEX Projection Model

BASELINE MGO DIESEL: $22.50 USD / NM
2. Active Fleet Size 4 VESSELS
1 Unit 6 Units 12 Units
3. Daily Round Trips / Vessel 4 TRIPS
2 Trips 8 Trips 16 Trips
Annual Energy Savings
$4.52 M
VS Legacy Diesel Catamaran
Est. CapEx Premium Payback
3.1 YRS
On EV Platform Premium Cost
Annual CO2 Avoided
14,133 T
Metric Tons GHG / Year
Est. EF-150 Transit Time
45 MINS
3 Mins Faster than Diesel
Annual Energy Cost (Legacy Diesel Fleet) $5.78M
Annual Energy Cost (EF-150 Electric Fleet) $1.26M
5. Technical Data Bank

Proposed Engineering Matrix

Structural, shore-power, and regulatory parameters across the BAYWING architecture roadmap, from the D1 demonstrator to the full EF-150 commercial flagship.

COMMERCIAL PLATFORM SCHEMATIC
0102030405 ABCD TOP-DOWN PLAN: 150-PASSENGER CABIN LOA 28.50m (93.5 FT) | FOIL SPAN 9.80m 150 PASSENGERS + 4 CREW FCS LOA: 28.50 METERS (93.5 FT) PORT SIDE PROFILE (FOIL-BORNE) 80% HYDRODYNAMIC DRAG DECOUPLING 2x 650 kW PODS CRUISE WATERLINE (38 KNOTS) RIDE CLEARANCE: 1.8m REAR TRANSOM & HYDROFOIL ARRANGEMENT INVERTED-V FOIL AFT ARCHITECTURE BOARDING ACCESS & GATES INVERTED V-FOIL (AFT) | SPAN: 9.80m 3.5 MW MCS CHARGING ARM DOCK INTERACTION 20-MINUTE ULTRA-FAST TURNAROUND SYSTEM (HKE LV-TO-BESS BUFFERED) FERRY PIER / PONTOON 4.0 MWh BESS HKE 300-900kW LV INPUT UNIDIRECTIONAL BUFFER 3.5 MW MCS ARM MCS RECEPTACLE 11 MIN CHARGE (~640 kWh) TURNAROUND: < 20 MINS AERO-MARINE SYSTEMS // GREATER BAY AREA VESSEL: BAYWING EF-150 EXPRESS (150 PAX) BATTERY: 1.2 MWh 800V DC LFP (50% DOD CYCLE) ALL-UP DISP: 56 TONNES | CRUISE: 38.0 KNOTS CLASSIFICATION: DNV HSLC / HKMD COMPLIANT

PLATFORM ROADMAP & TRL PROGRESSION: D1 to EF-150

REVISED v4.0 // FROUDE & C-RATE VALIDATED
Engineering Parameter D1 (1:8 Demonstrator) D2 (Commercial Pilot) EF-150 (Commercial Flagship)
Tech Readiness & Timeline TRL 4 → 6 (Months 1–12) TRL 6 → 8 (Months 13–26) TRL 8 → 9 (Months 27–36+)
Length Overall (LOA) / Span 3.56 m / 1.22 m 15.0 m / 4.50 m 28.50 m / 9.80 m
All-Up Displacement Mass ~109 kg (λ = 8 Cubed) ~12,000 kg (25 Pax + 2 Crew) ~56,000 kg (150 Pax + 4 Crew)
Cruise Speed & Froude (Fn) 13.4 Knots (Fn = 1.17) 32.0 Knots (Fn = 1.36) 38.0 Knots (Fn = 1.17)
Installed Powertrain 2x 1.0 kW Brushless Pods 2x 150 kW Rim/Pod Drives 2x 650 kW Dual-Redundant Pods
Battery Pack & Chemistry 1.0 kWh 48V Swappable LFP 400 kWh 800V Marine LFP (~2.6 t) 1.2 MWh 800V Marine LFP (~7.8 t)
Shore Charging & HKE Pier Node Zero-Grid Swappable (HKSTP Tolo Harbour Slipway) 500 kW DC via 300kW HKE LV + BESS (Sheung Wan Landing No. 1 → Central Pier 7–10 & Wan Chai) 3.5 MW MCS via 4.0 MWh BESS Buffer (HK–Macau Terminal Sheung Wan / SkyPier)
6. VC FUNDING & PUBLIC-PRIVATE CAPITALIZATION STRATEGY

93.5% Non-Dilutive Leverage & Staged VC Architecture

HKSTP grants alone cannot fund full-scale commercial vessels—and early-stage VCs will not fund unvalidated shipyard CapEx. Our staged capital stack uses 93.5% non-dilutive HKSTP/ITF grants for Phase 0–1 IP creation, then unlocks 1:1 ITF Enterprise Support Scheme (ESS) co-matching for Phase 2 (D2) VC syndicate investors.

PHASE 0–1 (18-MONTH INCUBATION): SIL, HIL & D1 PROTOTYPE

Compliance-Audited R&D Budget Breakdown

TOTAL PHASE 0 CAPITALIZATION HK$ 3,198,000
01.

R&D Engineering Talent (ITF RTH Subsidized)

2x Full-Time Control Systems & Marine Mechatronics Engineers (100% covered via ITF Research Talent Hub)

HK$ 1,450,000
02.

Simulation Software & Multi-Physics Cloud

MATLAB/Simulink Control Toolboxes, Star-CCM+ / ANSYS Fluent CFD licenses, Gazebo/ROS2 cloud compute

HK$ 280,000
03.

HIL Benchtop & D1 Avionics/Sub-Scale Rig

NVIDIA Jetson Orin Nano, dual STM32H7 ECUs, SBG marine IMU, ultrasonic/LiDAR sensors & carbon T-foil rig

HK$ 320,000
04.

Systems Architecture, Project Management & Operational Runway

HKSTP COMPLIANT

Principal Systems Architect technical leadership, utility/marine regulatory interfacing (HKE/HKMD), and 18-month corporate operational runway

HK$ 720,000
05.

Intellectual Property & Freedom-to-Operate

PCT & regional patent filings for 100Hz wave-feedforward active foil stabilization & BESS dock telemetry (90% PAG subsidized)

HK$ 278,000
06.

HKSTP Lab Setup, Marine Insurance & Tolo Trials

Science Park bench space, third-party marine test insurance, and Tolo Harbour slipway sea-trial logistics

HK$ 150,000
93.5% NON-DILUTIVE COVERAGE RATIO

Net Unsubsidized Equity Gap: Only HK$ 208,000 (6.5% of Phase 0 Budget)

Public grants reimburse HK$ 2,990,000 of the HK$ 3,198,000 budget. Early angel/seed capital serves primarily as a low-risk Working-Capital Reimbursement Float Facility, protecting early investors from R&D burn while capturing 100% of core flight-control IP.

PUBLIC GRANT STACK
HK$ 2.99M / 3.20M
15.4x Equity Leverage

LEVERAGED PUBLIC CAPITAL STACK (PHASE 0–1)

HKSTP Incu-Tech Programme HK$ 1,290,000

Direct grant & operational subsidy covering lab rent, HIL hardware tooling, and R&D milestones.

ITF Research Talent Hub (RTH) HK$ 1,450,000

100% government-funded salary reimbursement for 2 full-time Master/PhD control & mechatronics engineers.

Patent Application Grant (PAG) HK$ 250,000

Covers 90% of up to HK$ 278k in PCT and regional patent filings (10% net co-pay).

MULTI-MARKET INVESTOR CATCHMENT (HK / GBA / GLOBAL) USD / HKD / RMB

How Private VC & Strategic Capital Plugs In

Tranche 1 (Now): HK$ 1.5M – 2.0M Angel / Bridge Float

Covers the HK$ 208k net gap + working-capital float ahead of HKSTP/ITF reimbursement cycles to launch Phase 0 SIL & Phase 1 D1 in Tolo Harbour.

Tranche 2 (Month 12): HK$ 10M Seed + HK$ 10M ITF ESS (HK$ 20M Total)

1:1 matching via HK Innovation & Technology Fund (ESS) + Green Tech Fund to build the 25-pax BAYWING-D2 and energize the first 500 kW HKE BESS charger.

Tranche 3 (Month 26+): Series A & GBA Maritime Green Lease

Co-investment with PRD composite shipyards, green shipping leasing funds, and ferry operators for EF-150 fleet scaling across HK–Macau–Shenzhen.

7. INVESTOR MERITS, TRACTION & RISK MITIGATION

De-Risking Deep Tech Before Heavy CapEx

We systematically neutralize the three biggest failure modes in marine electrification: hydrodynamic control instability, utility grid bottlenecks, and shipyard balance-sheet bloat.

LIVE INFRASTRUCTURE TRACTION // HK ELECTRIC DISTRIBUTION PLANNING

Sheung Wan Landing No. 1 Grid Interface Walkover Scheduled (Oct 2026)

HK Electric’s Distribution Planning Department has formally initiated technical feasibility review and scheduled a joint site walkover at Sheung Wan Landing No. 1 (adjacent to the HK–Macau Ferry Terminal) for our 250 kW – 900 kW continuous Low-Voltage (380V/415V AC) supply profile. Located at the junction of the Central and Macau ferry corridors, this public landing serves as a dual-purpose node: validating the 500 kW charger for our intra-harbour BAYWING-D2 pilot (extending to Central Piers 7–10 & Wan Chai Pier) while establishing the first modular floating BESS buffer for the 3.5 MW EF-150 Macau flagship—without triggering multi-year 11kV road excavations.

PHASE 1–2 HKE LV LOAD 250 – 900 kW AC
GRID PROTECTION TOPOLOGY UNIDIRECTIONAL BESS (ZERO EXPORT)
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What Institutional Investors Love (The Bull Case)

STRUCTURAL MOAT & CAPITAL EFFICIENCY

1. 93.5% Non-Dilutive R&D Leverage

By executing a software-first Digital Twin (Phase 0) and sub-scale Froude demonstrator (Phase 1), HK$ 2.99M of our HK$ 3.20M initial budget is covered by HKSTP Incu-Tech, ITF RTH, and PAG grants. Investor equity isn't burned on raw aluminium.

2. Froude-Scaled Physics De-Risking (Fn = 1.17)

A 3.56m autonomous testbed (D1) has a higher natural pitch/heave frequency than a 28.5m vessel. Proving 100Hz active flap stabilization on the D1 in Tolo Harbour mathematically solves control stability before carrying a single passenger on the D2.

3. Undeniable Short-Haul Unit Economics (78% OPEX Cut)

Decoupling the hull cuts energy burn to ~$4.90 USD/NM vs ~$22.50 USD/NM for MGO diesel catamarans, delivering a ~3.1-year payback on EV CapEx premium and optimal 50% Depth-of-Discharge LFP battery longevity (4,000+ cycles).

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What VCs & Assessors Scrutinize (Solved Mitigations)

EXECUTION, GRID & MANUFACTURING DE-RISKING

1. Key-Person & Lean Engineering Team Risk

Mitigation: ITF Research Talent Hub funds 2 full-time control/mechatronics engineers from Day 1, built on modular ROS2/AUTOSAR-compliant C++ architecture and standard COTS avionics (Jetson/STM32H7) to eliminate single-developer lock-in.

2. Dockside Grid Capacity & Pier Tenancy Lead Times

Mitigation (Active): Rather than waiting years for 11kV substations, our unidirectional floating BESS draws 250–900 kW continuous LV power from existing HKE transformers—already under joint site review with HK Electric at Sheung Wan Landing No. 1.

3. The Phase 3 "Shipyard CapEx Trap"

Mitigation: Aero-Marine Systems is an aerospace flight-control & powertrain OEM—not a capital-heavy shipyard. Hull layup is contracted to established Pearl River Delta (PRD) carbon-composite yards under DNV HSLC classification, while we retain high-margin FCS software, foil struts, and BESS charging IP.